Racism

"You be discrimihatin'"
~Molly Bates (on racism)

Martin Luther King may have put it a little more eloquently, but I think many of us have a similar vision of a future without racism. However, I have already found, through firsthand experiences on many occasions, that this vision is a naive one. For example, there was a story on the news this weekend of a brawl that broke out at Chuckie Cheeses. As we watched my stepdad said, “no surprise they’re all black.” I looked at him disgustedly, but made no comment. I learned a long time ago that anything I say goes ignored. Also, a disturbing event happened to me my sophomore year of high school. A guy that is African American asked me to the prom. Thrilled at being one of the few among my friends to get to go to the prom, I excitedly prepared for the dance as any other high school girl would. We had dinner beforehand and hung out at the entire dance. The following Monday, I came out to the parking lot to see that my car had been vandalized. Just above the back passenger wheel were the letters “KKK,” etched in by someone’s accusing key. I had never before seen any sort racism firsthand and (I have to admit) had grown up rather sheltered. My parents (my dad and stepmom at least) had always strictly enforced racial equality. There were no racist comments in our house and I was taught to believe that everybody should be treated the same. Until this occurrence, I had never realized how present racism still is. I see now that it isn’t just the little deep-south towns that are still practicing racism. It’s everywhere.

These comments and actions are exactly what make racial equality so difficult. I’ve realized that more people are unconsciously racist than I realized (as well as consciously). Even in my own head, no matter how hard I try, I find myself thinking discriminating thoughts. So, even though my heart tells me that racism is wrong and my entire mind fights the urge to judge any person or situation based on race, I begin to realize that maybe a world without racism isn’t possible. But I know we can still strive for one. Already, our world has taken humongous steps to promote equality. Fighting slavery and fighting for civil rights are ways to do this.

Marjorie Spiegel states that “as long as humans feel they are forced to defend their own rights and worth by placing someone beneath them, oppression will not end” (Spiegel 18). It was so easy in the past to put others beneath us: the native Americans beneath the Spanish and British, the African Americans beneath slave-traders, and so on. Even though it is not as easy to oppress others based on race now, it is still possible. People can make comments that make them feel superior to others. Thus, they continue to oppress based on language. And as long as others let them, this is one way to continue allowing us to have a world where races can never be considered equal.

However, there is a new form of oppression that humans have turned to. This is the oppression of animals instead of humans. But, as found by Alice Walker in her story “Am I Blue,” she “almost laughed…to think there are people who do not know that animals suffer” (Course Anthology 317). I don’t want to be repetitive (from other DB’s), but I fully believe that animals suffer and until we humans can accept this, racism has merely moved from humans to other creatures.

Sexism, Speciesism, and the Illusions We Create For Ourselves

I have to say, I was extremely intrigued by what I read from John Dunayer’s “Sexist Words, Speciesist Roots.” It brought to my attention words with degrading connotations that I myself use and also how it can be not only degrading for women, but even more degrading to animals. I never really thought about the origin of calling a young woman a “chick,” but now that I see where it comes from, I realize that these terms for women cannot continue as they do. Casual words like “chick” and “foxy” now stir a feeling of anger and frustration within me. I’ve been letting people call me these things and (worse) I’ve been calling other people these things, not knowing that I am embarrassing myself and hurting the equality of women and men (and animals) that I have been strongly supporting.

Upon seeing the definition of a “man,” I felt completely indignant. A Man is defined as “a member of the only extant species, Homo sapiens, distinguished by a highly developed brain, the capacity for abstract reasoning, and the ability to communicate by means of organized speech and record information in a variety of symbolic systems” (Course Anthology 393). My immediate thought was “can’t a woman do that too??” I thought this was the definition of a human, not merely a man. After my immediate feelings of frustration, however, the degrading of animals was evident as well. I found myself seeing women and men and animals as all having special qualities that demand equality among us. These days, jokes are often made about women. However, I really don’t find them funny.

People laughing at a not-so-funny joke.

Societal values expect me to be a “good sport” and just laugh along with everyone else, but inside I’m thinking, “Wait. Laughing at this isn’t doing me any good.” It is increasing the gap between men and women and it goes against the feminist heroines that I admire for their courage and their ability to envision a life in which we can all be equal. A guy at my old high school used to go around with the same joke and I heard him say it to groups numerous times: “Hey you want to hear a joke?” and they nod. “Women’s rights.” Not wanting to seem like a tight-ass (pardon my language), I remained silent, neither laughing uproariously with the others nor contradicting his immature and unprogressive joke. Now, however, I feel a little ashamed of myself. I’m in the TC “Emerging Selves: The Autobiographical Impulse in Women’s Writing,” and I’ve seen how hard women have fought over the years to be heard and from Dunayer’s reading, I see how much progress we have yet to make to reach a world that does not degrade and does not discriminate. If I could go back, I would muster up the courage to speak against this person, even if it cost me my popularity, as I feared then it would. However, what’s done is done and I can’t change the fact. These jokes are one of many contributing factors that force women to continue to struggle for equality.

Additionally, I can see where Dunayer is coming from when he discusses how the decreasing of speciesism can help to decrease sexism. I feel really annoyed that we create identities for animals. I can’t understand how we can just come to the conclusion that pigs are “filthy” and “overeat” (Course Anthology 392). Maybe they appear so in disgusting meat factories, but in the wild, I find it completely believable that they are peaceful, clean, and normal-eating creatures. Also, I could see how playing with a kitten could be just as much “a pastime to her […] than to” the owner (Course Anthology 397). From a certain movie, the dogs expressed the fact that humans are slaves to the animals (it’s a random kid’s movie, but I can’t remember the name). In the preview, the dog states something along the lines of “I mean, do you see us going around picking up your poop?”

Babe: the story about a pig meant for food, but ended up proving to be worth so much more.

Thus, we really shouldn’t consider ourselves so much above animals. People will go through a lot of trouble to take care of their pets. People often include pets in their will, pay thousands of dollars for pet surgery, and clothe the pet and feed it ritually. For example, my aunt holds a very special place in her heart for a dog that her family bought after her daughter died in birth. The dog became something of a replacement of the child, forming a very close bond with my aunt. Now, her whole family goes through great lengths to care for and make the dog comfortable. These gestures seem obsessive to many, but for me I see that they are gestures that bring us closer and closer to a world where all creatures can be equal.

Animals are just as capable of thinking and feeling as we are. They have shown incredible capabilities of acting humanely toward each other, as proved by the experiment involving macaque monkeys. It was shown that “87 percent preferred to go hungry rather than harm their fellow monkeys” when faced with the choice of eating at the price hurting the others.

The opposite holds true for us humans; we, who consider ourselves so much above other animals. In the Stanford and Yale experiments, humans showed the capacity to cause great harm to each other. So, in my opinion, it’s time to get off our high horse and start treating each other (and animals) with more compassion and fairness.

Coetzee DB#2

In the case of animal ethics, I’ve noticed that a great deal of argument comes from the point of view of whether or not animals can feel and think in the same way as human beings. However, I am pretty sure I know the answer to this. I don’t think they can. I’ve mentioned before that I agree with the fact that animals do lack the intelligence that humans do. But they feel in their own way and think in their own way and I believe that their ways should be respected. Sometimes our reign over animals seems a little tyrannical: we’re smarter thus we can boss them around and do what we want with them.

For example, I think it is totally unfair that the ape had to conform to human ways to get out of his cruel confinement. The people want the ape to act just as they do and train him to, but they miss the point completely. The ape eventually succeeds in behaving just as they do but he states quite clearly to us that he “imitated them because [he] was looking for a way out, for no other reason” (Anthology 369). I didn’t really understand the motives for wanting the ape to act human, but I could guess. I thought that they could release him only if he were like a human. To them, animals deserve to be locked up in crates, but humans shouldn’t be. Thus, if he were human, he could be free like them.

However, I have to laugh at their “accomplishment.” Yes, they succeeded in making him act like them, but in his mind he seemed to be defying them a little. He wanted to get out of the cage and used all the resources he could to do so, even if that meant going against his instinctual tendencies. Yet, behaving like a human and being human are two totally different things: things that separated the ape’s desires from the human’s desires in this case. And maybe that means that humans want animals to act more like them in order to give them more rights. But I wish that weren’t so. I wish that we could just respect our differences and that would be enough.

Just as the people want the ape to act more human, Costello shows how Hughes is incapable of “inhabiting another mind” and instead inhabits “another body” (Coetzee 96). Humans show a lot of inflexibility in their actions toward animals. They want the animals to act and take up their habits and refuse to recognize the habits of others. The whole issue of animal ethics has definitely brought to my attention so many issues of the human race. I’ve seen how inflexible and insensitive people can be toward mere differences. Animals have proved capable of having very strong emotions and high intelligence levels, but they still remain inferior in the eyes of many.

The ability to treat animals with a higher respect than we do now could be very beneficial to our perspective. By accepting differences, humans are becoming far more flexible in general, which can lead to other satisfying results. This may seem off topic, but by showing more flexibility, we could most likely resolve issues involving racism as well. Not to mention, flexibility is extremely beneficial in diplomatic relations. Additionally, compassion is a virtue in my eyes. Having compassion for animals may seem like a weakness to some, but it shows that humans are willing to be kind to others. I think we can all help each other our and understand each other so much better through our compassion for other creatures, not only each other.

Also, the argument expressed by O’Hearne that “friendship between human beings and animals is impossible” was extremely upsetting (Coetzee 110). He states that we can’t be friends with animals because we have “too little in common” (Coetzee 110). However, what about a conservative simple-minded guy being friends with a liberal intellectual girl? It is safe to say that they have very little in common, but if have at least one thing in common, they can still find something to agree on. I have friends that I actually take pride in our differences and enjoy it. If we were all the same, we would lose those people who are gifted at art and those people who are great at math and science. They can’t all be alike, but they can still be friends. It’s the same with animals. Who says we have to have everything in common to be friends with an animal. Animal trainers befriend the animals they work with and dogs are commonly known as “man’s best friend.” I do not believe for a second that animals and humans can’t be friends and I have seen it disproved many times.

Perspective on Animals (Coetzee #1)

“By treating fellow human beings, beings created in the image of God, like beasts, they had themselves become beasts” (Coetzee 65). So, does that mean that eventually some being that thinks it has a higher intellectual thought process and consciousness can raise us for slaughter? I realize that animals may not “think and/or feel precisely as we do,” but just “think and feel” in their own way (Anthology 352). However, I don’t think that gives us the right to disregard their feelings and sense of being. Elizabeth’s argument about the bat is a way of approaching this situation. Nagel says that we cannot truly know what it’s like to be a bat, but Elizabeth argues that it is possible. I really don’t think that we have to know everything there is to know about another creature to empathize with it. For example, on my cruise over the summer, I saw a pod of dolphins swimming alongside our ship. I really don’t know very much about dolphins. But I certainly shared their joy in that moment and for this reason, I must agree with Elizabeth Costello that we can truly transcend into “any being with whom [we] share the substrate of life” (Coetzee 80). The dolphins looked so smooth, gliding through the water with their companions; to me, I felt the physical joy at the exertion of streaking through the water and the emotional joy of being surrounded by loved ones.

This picture's of a whale on our Alaskan cruise, but you get the point...

The treatment of animals seems to truly boil down to empathy and perspective. Elizabeth raises interesting ideas when discussing death camps. Killers in the Holocaust could stand being killers or even just bystanders because they refused to empathize with the people they were killing, even when they are fellow human beings! Even the thought of killing my own food gives me shudders. I recently read the book Barefoot Heart (which has nothing to do with animal ethics, but there’s one pertinent part). The father of the narrator must slaughter their produce (a cow in this instance) and the narrator expresses her disgust and how she can’t really bring herself to eat it after seeing it alive. This is because she can empathize with the animal and put herself in its perspective: the perspective being the victim of a killer.

However, I definitely have to admit that Norma had a good point when she discussed the idea of how you are raised and cultural values. If a person has been raised to believe that something is socially acceptable, what stops them from doing it? Do they naturally have moral values that stop them? It doesn’t seem like it. For us, the idea of eating a dog is sickening. Dogs serve as our companions, sometimes even best friends. So (for me at least) it’s kind of like eating a best friend (disgusting!). However, for other cultures and nationalities, it is totally okay to eat dogs.

Chinese food, but I don't think that dog is on this table.

It seems a little unfair that Elizabeth states she is a vegetarian to “save [her] soul” (Coetzee 89). If people haven’t been brought up or exposed to certain things in their lives, they really have no way of understanding that they are committing (in Elizabeth’s eyes) a heinous crime. I can personally relate to this. Before Earthlings, I really was ignorant as to where my meat was coming from and how the livestock was raised, treated, and slaughtered. I was extremely disturbed by what I saw and now I have a better understanding of the ethics behind our food and can empathize with animals a little more. However, I have to be understanding to those who don’t even know about the existence of Earthlings or who haven’t watched it. They don’t really know how bad the situation is and thus why it is such an issue. Take children, for example.

My baby cousin is eating beef and although I have given that up, I don't judge her for eating it. She doesn't know any better.

Children are seen as the most innocent of our population. They eat all kinds of meat, without any thought of the source of the food or the suffering the animal went through to end up on the kid’s plate. But does that mean that eventually they will be unable to save their soul? And I’m sure that Elizabeth wasn’t a vegetarian all her life. Why is it that all of the sudden her soul will be saved because she suddenly became more morally conscious about animals? So if I had to really take a decisive stance between Norma and Elizabeth, I would say: if you are conscious of the cruelty being done and can have the ability to empathize with the animals, you should definitely be more conscious of the source of your food and the treatment of animals in general. But I still think it is unfair to say that those who are unaware are damned.

Ignorance is Bliss

Ignorance is bliss. These words, no matter how true, have haunted me since watching the documentary “Earthlings” on Thursday. No matter how much I want to deny the sad and disturbing mistreatment of animals, I can no longer stand by and pretend that what’s happening to them “isn’t that bad.” I have talked to so many people since Thursday who say things like “Oh I could never watch anything like that.” These people, to me, are missing a huge perspective on life on this planet. It makes me sad that these people know that this is happening and yet refuse to watch it for their own comfort. Throughout this whole class, there were some key points of this documentary that particularly moved me.

First, the dog that was thrown into the trash compactor. This small gesture of neglect and cruelty was particularly horrifying for me. The poor dog was wounded and lost and instead of caring for it, the people found it more convenient and cheaper to discard it. I learned many new things from watching how even the pet industry leads to corruption and mistreatment. My sister had always encouraged adopting pets from animal shelters and now I see why. I cannot imagine being a volunteer at an animal shelter and being forced to put down pet after pet because people want pure bred animals. There is no need to create lives if they are to be wasted so easily—so many dogs end up getting abandoned or left at the pound because their owners cannot take care of them.

I could not believe the mass deaths that occur because of the desire to perfect the pet industry and this disturbing image of the poor dog thrown into the trash compactor is the result. As I watched the poor creature being crushed to death, I was disgusted that anybody could possibly bring themselves to do something like that. It seemed to expose the barbaric and suppressed nature of some people: the need to cause pain or to separate oneself from the feelings of those considered “below us.” I found this more upsetting than many displays of cruelty of humans on humans. This is because the innocence here was clear. The dog had absolutely no way of knowing what harm was about to come to him and it was wounded and completely helpless. Therefore, the abuse that an innocent creature was taking for the convenience of those that it is at the mercy of, was what most moved me about this spectacle.

Also, the treatment of the pigs was very sad to see. Pigs, I’ve been told, are relatively intelligent creatures. I watched the workers beat the pigs with sticks, yelling and cursing as though it was good fun. These pigs were being slaughtered and beaten right in front of the other pigs seemed to me the most inhumane way to treat them. They were forced to stand aside in their cages watching the death of the other pigs, merely waiting their turn. Also, the warehouses where they are raised made me see the lives (or lack thereof) that they lead.

I saw that these pigs rarely, if ever, see true sunlight, or feel air that isn’t polluted with the stench of their surroundings, or move in a space larger than a couple feet around them. They have no true feelings of life for the amount of time they are alive. And then, after a depressing and joyless existence, they are slaughtered mercilessly and, at times, slowly.

However, nothing could move me as much as watching my totem animal being rounded up and slaughtered. Marine animals, such as dolphins and whales, are some of my favorite animals in the world. I have admired them since I was a little girl and still do more than any other animals. Over the summer, I visited Alaska and saw whales and dolphins in the wild. They way they travel in families gave me a chance to see how they are so similar to us. The beautiful way in which they travel through the water makes them such a pleasure to behold. I cannot imagine ever having the stomach to wound such a beautiful creature. For me, it was like watching a friend get killed with no mercy or consideration as to the pain and suffering being caused. The sad cries issued from the dolphins no longer seemed foreign and wild to me. I recognized their agony at being torn apart from their families.

Their writhing movements on the cold cement as they suffocated only looked like the torture of another human being in my eyes. Thus, I watched the suffering and slaughter of the animal I connect most with: the animals that live within me. It saddens me to think that this cruelty occurs only for the desire of “exotic” meat. We want interesting food, so let’s hunt animals that wouldn’t normally show up on a dinner menu. This display of inhumane cruelty was the most effective piece of the entire documentary. It was the saddest thing I’ve ever seen. I could also see how easily this can be compared to concentration camps in World War II. Huge groups of Jewish prisoners were rounded up. Then, the families were separated: wives from husbands, children from parents. And then, inevitably, death for some. I could see the parallel clearly and it moved me to tears faster than I could have ever expected.

In the movie, “The Jungle Book,” Mowgli tells a soldier that the order of animals is to kill to eat or from being eaten, whereas the order of men is to kill for sport. So many deaths of animals occur needlessly. Whether it is the excessive slaughter of farm animals (cows, pigs, chickens), the putting down of too many extra pets, or the need to have exotic food, the lives of these animals are too precious to waste. Every life matters, except for these poor animals. The animals that go into the industry that caters to mankind’s comfort. Ignorance may be bliss, but it isn’t right. I realize now that this lack of ignorance (at the expense of some tears and discomfort) has broadened my understanding of life and of what I owe the fellow creatures of this planet.

Androids DB 2

“‘An android,’ he said ‘doesn’t care what happens to another android. That’s one of the indications we look for.’

‘Then,’ Miss Luft said, ‘you must be an android.’

That stopped him; he stared at her.

‘Because,’ she continued, ‘your job is to kill them…’” (Dick 101).

Opera singer.

Ha! As soon as I read that passage, this triumphant feeling occurred inside me. Luft totally had Rick’s number on that one and I was so glad to have him called out on it finally. He has been going around administering the empathy test, convinced that this test sets him aside from androids when all along he has actually had small glimpses of feeling for these creatures and kills them all the same. So I decided to back up and observe exactly what it means that Rick is considered human. I, for one, think he is lacking in some of the points that make people like Isidore seem more human.

Will Smith looking for a robot to kill.

From the perspective of compassion, empathy, and sympathy, Rick is definitely not cutting it. He may have compassion down, since the definition seems to call for the existence of another being and since androids are considered “it” and not living creatures (which I think they should be), he’s off the hook. However, what about sympathy and empathy? To empathize means “to treat something or someone with empathy” (Course Anthology 274L). The something in there is what caught my eye. So what about androids? To me, treating androids with empathy is more humane than not. However, Rick does not do this, except in the case of certain ones. For example, he is working together with Phil Resch and begins to like him, but when he remembers that Resch is only an android, he begins to lose any emotional feelings he might have had with him. For example, Rick later tells Resch he can talk all he wants and thought to himself “it didn’t matter” (Dick 140). That seems pretty cold. I was disappointed that Rick’s emotions were so shallow: that he could feel one way for a while and then upon finding out that Resch was “the thing beside him” rather than “the man beside him” change his perspective completely (Dick 130). Rick said so himself: he “had never felt any empathy on his own part toward the androids he killed” (Dick 141). Humans should have a stronger resolve in their emotions and in empathizing with other things. To be human is to understand others, even if the others don’t share your anatomy or thought complex.

As for sympathy, I think Rick is lacking in that as well. Sympathy, which consists of being “affected by the suffering or sorrow of another,” for androids seems beyond his grasp. I couldn’t understand why that is. Here Resch is putting on a very convincing show of being human (while Rick is utterly convinced he’s an android) and Rick can only say cold things like “Andys can’t will anything. They can’t possess anything to will,” thus setting himself further apart from androids. As humans, we must possess the ability to be in the place of another being, not trying to distance ourselves. Resch continues on and on about how he loves to care for his squirrel and instead of caring about what he had to say, Rick was merely counting down the minutes he had to live.

The will that Resch wouldn't have gotten to write...

However, one big aspect that makes us human is our conflicting natures. We all have our own views and feelings, based on “very different definitions, ideas, and experiences” (Abstractions) and because of this we have the ability to argue, discuss, and come up with solutions eventually or continue our separate ways. It is these differences, though, that are so interesting and make us human. We can have independent thoughts that are possibly never swayed by other beings. Take Rick, for example. Although he believes that Andys have no feelings and it shouldn’t matter that he kills them for a living, his wife has a totally different viewpoint. She thinks it is wrong to hunt them and thus their ideas differ. Humanity in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep exists much as we do: with conflicting beliefs and ideas.

Debate

Thus, by being human, we do possess compassion, empathy, and sympathy. But we also have the ability to argue and negotiate and decide for ourselves what is right and wrong. Dick produces very interesting characters in his novel and in doing so, he can help us realize what makes a human being. All of these characteristics are present, whether in Iran, Rick, or Isidore. Through all these people, we realize what differences set them aside and also what common features they all possess. From this, we can see how humans are portrayed in a general view by Dick.

Androids DB

When I picked up Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep to read through chapter 6 (which unfortunately was about 3 hours ago), the first thing I noticed was the cover. On my edition, it appears to be a man behind a chain-link fence with a vacant expression. My mind immediately wandered to the animal ethics PETA display that we attended yesterday. I thought of the hand of a person grasping a chain-link fence compared to the hand of a chimpanzee's hand in the exact same position. Between the two pictures was the word "imprisoned." This image really stuck with me and now as I look at this cover of the book I'm seeing the ethical dilemma at hand. Should androids with extreme intelligence (almost human, one would say) be treated as robots or as humans?

Going along with this, I noted that the excerpts from "The Nature of Emotional Intelligence" raised some questions for me regarding the nature of humans vs. androids. Goleman states that "empathy builds on self-awareness," (Course Anthology 275C) and if they aren't taught emotions upon their creation, then they will certainly seem to "lack feelings altogether" (Course Anthology 275A). Thus, androids seem much like people with alexithymia because of their inability to express emotions. Is it fair to kill them simply on this basis? I've noticed that all sorts of discrimination occurs in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? First, obviously, would be the androids themselves. They are hunted simply because they supposedly lack emotional intelligence. However, the test that determines this has been proved ineffective. Androids, to me, seem like children uneducated in feelings and empathy. So, Dick is said to stress "the importance of emotion, 'which in his view made men human,'" but what if androids can learn emotions based on education and simply observation? Then, would it be fair to discriminate against them? The ethical dilemma here is clearly that androids could possibly feel human emotions, and yet they are treated as different.

Plus, ordinary humans like Rick and his wife Iran, have machines that stimulate emotions. If feelings and emotion are what set apart the humans and the androids, then this is blatant contradiction to the barrier between androids and humans. Another ethical dilemma (again involving discrimination) would be the "specials." Specials, like Isidore, are humans as well, just slightly below the average IQ. He seems perfectly up to par on societal values, such as his vivid description and extensive knowledge on "kipples." Also, he treats the new inhabitant of his apartment building with politeness and friendliness. As far as I could tell, he treated her with the kind of courtesy I would expect from any normal person, so it seems unfair that he is of lower status and has fewer rights that non-specials, or regulars. Also, I noticed a slight discrimination against women. For example, when Rick is setting his wife's mood organ he puts sets her to "pleased acknowledgment of husband's superior wisdom in all matters." However, Iran seems to have more insight in life than Rick. She is the one who can almost feel sadness and fights the new order in which they love, such as the perpetual need to watch TV. Thus, women are treated as lower in this new regime, which is yet another form of discrimination.

Ethical dilemmas, however, extend beyond those between humans. Moving on to animals, we see that in this new world, animals are finally valued as something extremely precious. As I think about this, I am reminded of Tennyson's quote "'Tis better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all." I am so glad that I can appreciate animals and form relationships without the constant fear of how rare they are. I would much rather have animals in my life than to live in the world of Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep, in which animals are regarded as creatures of extreme importance and are hard to obtain. We must regard animals now with love and compassion. In this book, I see how animals are scarce and many that we take for granted today (raccoons, for instance) are even extinct.

I wish that people could realize what they have now and appreciate animals. My eyes have been opened up to what things could be like. I realize that all animals are special and that there could exist a world where ordinary animals are scarce. I only wish that others could treat animals with more respect and compassion than they currently do.

Dick's book Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep addresses very different aspects of ethics. Ethics among humans and ethics between humans and animals. Nonetheless, the issues raised are important and eye-opening. We realize that in a new order after chaos, people are more likely to treat each other with discrimination. However, we also see that things that were once plentiful and are now scarce, such as animals, are placed on a much higher scale of importance.

Alice and Animal Ethics

I’ve realized over the course of my life that the key to animal ethics is compassion for animals: to act as if they have feelings and needs just as human beings do. All my life, I have winced in the movies where the animals get hurt.

When Old Yeller had to be shot because of a disease he contracted, I was sad and angry. When the one of the two dogs from Where The Red Fern Grows died, I felt the pain of his little sister and how she could not carry on without her big brother. Animals have feelings as well and that is the first step to truly realizing that mistreating animals is like mistreating human beings.

One major trend I’ve noticed is that children are usually more sympathetic to animals than adults are. Combined with a greater sense of imagination as well as a tendency to be naturally compassionate (due to their innocence I presume), children, no matter how they end up as they get older (hunter or vegetarian, PETA or peta—people for the eating of tasty animals), are more likely to sympathize with animals. For example, my mom and step-dad are considerably unsympathetic toward animals. They like them well enough, but lack compassion for them and my step-dad even sees is as a “weakness of character” (Course Anthology 322). However, my brother, who has been brought up to be very rough, manly, and conservative, is very compassionate toward animals just as I am. When he was about 7 years old, we watched a movie called Far From Home together. In the movie, the dog helps the main character survive in a forest while trying to make his way back home after a shipwreck. Near the end of their journey, the dog falls from a very great height into a river and appears to die (even though he survives and makes it home in the end). My brother, watching alongside me, began to cry at this part. His behavior definitely contradicted how he had been brought up (it leaned toward my behavior) and my only reasoning behind this was that children sympathize easily with animals. Also, Alice shows her understanding of animals when she is talking to the dormouse. While talking with the dormouse, Alice more than once accidentally talks about cats and the eating of mice and rats, which of course makes the dormouse anxious and upset. However, Alice regards the dormouse as a being with feelings and understands that she may have “hurt the poor animal’s feelings” (Carroll 26). Thus, the treatment of animals is a definite aspect of the Alice books, especially because all the animals convey their feelings through speech, which is more difficult in real life.

Due to their imagination, children often talk to animals as if they can understand them, which I am convinced that they can. Although they may not understand exactly what you are telling them, I’ve always felt that animals can understand if you’re hurt or sad or excited and share your emotion in a way that makes animals special companions to us. Alice likes to talk to her cat in Through the Looking Glass as though it can understand everything she is saying and shares her thoughts very freely with it. In a way, Alice may be using the kitten as something to take care of. Young girls often like to have something to take care of and in the way that Alice refers to the kitten as “Kitty, dear” and “mischievous darling” (Carroll 139, 141), I would believe that Alice likes to give back to animals because of the companionship they give her. Companionship is another way of accepting animals as more than just what we had for lunch. Many people learn to accept animals as their best friends or members of their family, proving that they see animals “more and more the aspect of gentle friends” (Course Anthology 320). By accepting animals as friends, Alice, and people in general, are displaying a good sense of animal ethics.

Animals are a huge aspect of human life. Rescue dogs save lives every day, service dogs guide the blind and deaf, but most importantly, they are a part of many people’s every day life. Arriving home to find a friendly dog wagging its tail in greeting or curling up on the couch with a little kitten are two of many ways that animals can have a positive impact on someone’s everyday life. People can improve on animal ethics simply by accepting animals as our companions and trying to understand them as creatures with feelings and needs. As important as animals are to the human race, they deserve better treatment and more consideration, which I think is evident in Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland.

Ethics and Leadership in Alice

Upon starting this DB, I had my doubts about what I could find in Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass that had to do with leadership and ethics. How could a children’s book have so much to do with applicable life aspects such as these? However, when I think about it, so many books and movies have bigger pictures in mind. For example, think about Pinocchio (which I hated as a child!). I don’t think many children knew what asses were at that age, but now as an older individual, I realize that Pinocchio and his friends turned into donkeys because they were behaving like asses! The pun is much more clear now that I am older and can understand it. Aladdin also portrays life lessons that make much more sense to older children than at the age that I started watching the movie. Aladdin shows that if a person can accept themselves for who they really are and not who they pretend to be, then they are more likely to be accepted by others. Also, Aladdin defies the desire to be greedy by freeing the genie at the end of the movie instead of keeping him prisoner so he can have one more wish.

Aladdin remains true his word and is rewarded for his selfless actions. These movies have proven to me that children’s stories can have much deeper meanings than perhaps they are intended to have and thus I felt much more confident in finder the proof of leadership and ethics in Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass.
As a leader, I could see how Alice displayed some of the aspects I’ve thought a leader should possess before. For example, Alice shows many signs of compassion and understanding of others in Alice in Wonderland. First of all, when she is talking to the mouse, she mentions her cat, Dinah, but then suddenly cuts herself off because she is afraid of offending the mouse. By relating with the mouse, Alice is displaying excellent leadership skills that could come in handy. Alice displays her compassionate side once again when she encounters the puppy. Although Alice was “terribly frightened” (Carroll 45) because of the puppy’s abnormal size, she is still kind to it and tries to play with it.

In doing these kind actions instead of recoiling in fear, Alice is gaining more friends than she would have otherwise, which is a key aspect to leadership.
Another aspect of leadership that I thought stood out was Alice’s sense of reason and logic. She comes across many strange and confusing experiences and she keeps a level head for the most part, except for when she cries (but that’s understandable as she is very young and very frustrated). To begin with, as Alice is falling down the rabbit hole, she begins to worry about Dinah. She expresses the hope that someone will “remember her saucer of milk at tea-time,” (Carroll 14) instead of worrying about what most people would worry about: what lies at the end of the fall. By keeping a calm countenance in a desperate situation, Alice shows excellent leadership skills. A leader who loses their head in a crisis cannot hope to help others, as they are supposed to. Also, Alice’s behavior toward the Queen is both logical and brave. The Queen is constantly commanding the execution of those around her and instead of giving in to fear and the fact that she might be killed. When the Queen shouts at Alice “’off with her head!’” Alice replies “’nonsense,” (Carroll 82) which shuts the Queen up immediately. By displaying both bravery and level-headedness, Alice is leaving me in no doubt of her sense of leadership.
The two books also gave me an idea of how ethics could be applied from encounter that Alice had to real life. In the trial, I noticed one aspect of Wonderland that Alice did not share with the other inhabitants of Wonderland. All the citizens such as the Mouse, the White Rabbit, and the Turtle show how they were all wrapped up in their own busy lives and could not give much attention to Alice although she was a very polite and sincere girl. For example, Alice is rather frightened and confused upon first arriving to Wonderland and the White Rabbit “’took [her] for his housemaid’” (Carroll 38) busily brushing past her and carrying on about his business with the Duchess. Their behavior correlates with people’s behavior these days. I have noticed that when in need of help, many people are too busy to give it. They don’t have that much consideration for others when they are wrapped up in their own lives. Also, when Alice is talking with Tweedledee and Tweedledum, she wants to find “’the best way out of this wood’” (Carroll 181) and asks very politely how to leave. However, Tweedledee and Tweedledum only care about reciting a poem to her and they do not help her. They are so wrapped up in their own lives and actions that they appear to be too busy to even help a lost little girl.
The behavior of the Queen and that of the other croquet players reflects this pattern as well. During the croquet match, the Queen displays a certain amount of rudeness and cares only about condemning others to death, constantly shouting “off with her [or his] head!” (Carroll 82). Not only is this talk preposterous, but it doesn’t help to get the game done with. Also, the “players all played at once, without waiting for turns, quarrelling all the while, and fighting for the hedgehogs” (Carroll 85).

Clearly, the actions of the Queen and the other players are ridiculous. However, it shows that without a certain degree of respect and civility, nothing will get done. Alice is simply coming along to play a game of croquet, but it goes terribly and the game is never completed because of the inconsiderate actions of the other players. In order to accomplish things, people must work together respectfully and efficiently.